The Capped Bust Silver Half Dollar holds a unique place in the story of American coinage. Minted between 1807 and 1839, this iconic coin reflects a formative era in the United States — both in its history and its minting technology. With its bold design, large size, and deep historical significance, the Capped Bust Half Dollar is a prized addition to any serious coin collection.
Overview: What Is a Capped Bust Half Dollar?
The Capped Bust design appeared on U.S. half dollars starting in 1807, replacing the earlier Draped Bust style. It was created by engraver John Reich, a German immigrant working under Chief Engraver Robert Scot. The coin depicts Liberty wearing a soft cap, often interpreted as a Phrygian cap, a symbol of freedom and liberty. The reverse features an eagle with a shield on its chest and arrows and olive branches in its talons.
These coins were 90% silver and 10% copper, with a diameter of 32.5 mm — larger and heavier than today’s half dollars.
Design Variations
There are two main types of Capped Bust Half Dollars:
1. Lettered Edge (1807–1836)
- These early issues featured an edge that read: “FIFTY CENTS OR HALF A DOLLAR”
- Known for strong strikes and detailed design
- Heavier than later versions, weighing 13.48 grams
2. Reeded Edge (1836–1839)
- Introduced with new steam-powered presses at the Philadelphia Mint
- Edge changed to reeding (similar to modern coins)
- Smaller in diameter, lighter (13.36 grams), and minted more precisely
Historical Significance
The Capped Bust Half Dollar was produced during a critical time in American history:
- War of 1812
- Era of Good Feelings
- The rise of Jacksonian democracy
- And the Mint’s shift from hand-engraving to steam-powered coining
These coins circulated heavily, often used in commerce both domestically and in the Caribbean. Their high silver content made them valuable trade coins — many show signs of heavy use.
Collecting Capped Bust Half Dollars
Why Collectors Love Them:
- Bold, classic design from the early U.S. Mint
- Wide variety of die varieties, including Overdates and Misalignments
- Appealing toning and silver patina in older coins
- Relatively affordable compared to other early U.S. silver coins
Popular Key Dates & Varieties:
- 1815/2 Overdate – One of the scarcest and most desirable
- 1817/4 – An extremely rare and valuable overdate (fewer than a dozen confirmed)
- 1823 “Broken 3” – Unique variety where the numeral 3 looks cracked or deformed
Typical Value Ranges (as of 2025):
| Condition | Common Dates | Rare Dates/Varieties |
|---|---|---|
| Good (G-4) | $80–$150 | $500–$10,000+ |
| Fine (F-12) | $125–$300 | $1,000–$20,000+ |
| Extremely Fine | $300–$600 | Up to $50,000+ |
| Mint State (MS) | $800–$2,500+ | Rare coins: $100,000+ |
Tips for New Collectors
- Start with Lettered Edge coins: They’re more common and affordable than Reeded Edge.
- Watch for cleaned coins: Natural toning and patina are more desirable.
- Learn about Overton numbers: This is the system used to catalog the hundreds of die varieties.
- Look for original surfaces: Coins with original luster or crusty silver-gray toning often command premiums.
Other Popular Silver Half Dollars
Final Thoughts On The Capped Bust Half Dollar
While silver prices do impact some silver coins, they have little influence on the Capped Bust half dollar. You don’t want to sell your Capped Bust silver half dollars for the melt price on silver, they are worth a lot more than its silver content.
The Capped Bust Silver Half Dollar is more than a piece of currency — it’s a snapshot of early American life, artistry, and industrial growth. Whether you’re drawn to its aesthetic, its history, or its investment potential, this classic coin series offers depth, challenge, and reward to collectors of all levels.
If you’re considering adding a Capped Bust Half Dollar to your collection, you’re not just acquiring silver — you’re securing a tangible link to the early years of the United States Mint and the young nation it served.
If you’re looking to buy silver or sell silver, be sure to reach out to the shop. We also have rare coins in stock such as the Capped Bust half dollar.
